Easy Garden Soil Testing: Know Your Backyard Dirt

Not all dirt is created equal. Easy garden soil testing you can do yourself is the great equalizer: Once you know what you're working with, you'll find your gardening success is greatly enhanced.

You want soil that drains well while retaining enough moisture to prevent roots from drying out. It should contain a high level of organic matter for essential nutrients, remain loose enough to avoid compaction, and allow roots to spread easily.

Garden soil consists of three types of particles: sand (largest), silt (medium-sized), and clay (smallest). The ideal mixture is 40 percent sand for drainage, 40 percent silt for nutrients and drainage, and 20 percent clay for nutrients and water conservation. When a soil has this specific mixture, it is called "loam." Unfortunately, true loam soils are rare.

The good news is that you can improve your existing soil. There is always room for enhancement. But how can you determine your soil's composition? Try one of these simple soil testing hacks.

Easy Garden Soil Testing Squeeze Test

Here's an easy test: Squeeze a fistful of wet dirt and release.

If it falls apart, your dirt is too sandy or silty.

If it holds together in a ball, press on the ball. If it breaks apart easily, you've got the right combination.

If the pressed ball sticks together in a hard lump, looks shiny, and feels sticky, you've got too much clay.

The Dissolving Soil Test

Still another popular test involves soaking some soil overnight in water:

Dig up a small amount of topsoil from your garden.

Put the soil in a quart jar (fill just under half full) and top it off with water almost to the rim.

Shake until the soil is dissolved and let it sit overnight.

The next day, you will find three colored layers in the jar. The heavy sand portion will be on the bottom, with silt in the middle and clay on the top.

There will also be some fine organic matter floating in the water—the more, the merrier because the more organic matter, the more nutrient-filled your soil. You may want to test your soil's pH level.

You can also buy soil tests that will show you exactly what your soil is comprised of. For the home gardener, these are generally not necessary. You may, however, want to test your soil's pH level

Most plants grow best in a neutral pH, but some plants, such as rhododendron and azaleas, prefer an acidic growing ground.